What are Varicose Veins?

Varicose veins, or spider veins, are dilated blood vessels found most commonly in the legs, close to the surface of the skin. Blue, red, or purple in appearance, some people find them simply unsightly—but they can also be painful. Some individuals with varicose veins report feeling aches, itching, cramping, fatigue, and uncomfortable swelling. They can occur in anyone at any age, but most commonly they affect women in their child bearing years and the elderly. The cause is not entirely understood, but it is thought that pregnancy, standing for long periods of time, weight gain, and leading a sedentary lifestyle are contributing factors.

What is Sclerotherapy?

One of the procedures available for treatment is sclerotherapy administered by a dermatologist or surgeon. In this therapy, a fine needle is used to inject a solution directly into the vein. The type of solution used depends on the type of vein and profile of the patient, but in most cases, it’s a sterile solution of sodium chloride mixed with heparin and lidocaine. The solution causes an irritation in the vein’s lining, causing the blood inside to clot. The vessel is blocked and then eventually breaks down into scar tissue. Over a period of a few weeks, the scar tissue is broken down even further by the body until it’s either invisible or barely noticeable.

What Happens in a Sclerotherapy Appointment?

Generally, the patient requires 2 to 6 treatments, with each treatment lasting only 15-30 minutes. Most of the targeted veins are treated in the first session, and are re-treated in subsequent visits. It takes 3 to 6 weeks to see the results. Most individuals notice a 60 to 80 percent overall improvement. While new veins can develop, there is only a slight chance that treated veins will reappear.

Prior to therapy, do not take ibuprofen or aspirin as it may interfere with the effectiveness of the treatment. Inform your doctor about any medications you may be taking because antibiotics such as Tetracycline can cause staining of the skin if taken before or several days after the session. Do not apply lotion to the skin before of after sclerotherapy, and bring a pair of shorts to wear home from the doctor’s office. It is recommended that compression hosiery be worn to provide support to the treated area. Do not apply hot compresses, soak in hot tubs, use saunas, or take hot showers 48 hours after treatment. Stay out of direct sunlight, avoid tanning beds, and do not participate in high-impact aerobics, jogging or swimming for 7 to 10 days. Lukewarm showers with mild soap can be taken, and Tylenol can be used to manage any pain.

Does Sclerotherapy Hurt?

There is a little sting associated with each injection during the proceedure, and it can feel like a burning sensation, or heat from the area being treated. Depending on your tolerance for pain it can vary from mild discomfort to hurting, but don't worry--it only lasts for a few seconds. Most people can tolerate the proceedure. Some doctors will give anesthesia for any discomfort.

Side Effects of Sclerotherapy

Common side affects are bruising or red raised areas at the injection site. These can last for a few days to several weeks. Brown dots or lines may form, or some veins can become lumpy or hard. These effects may take 3 to 6 months to disappear. Other rare side effects such as red streaking, sudden onset of a swollen leg, ulcers at the injection site, and allergic reactions should be brought to the attention of your doctor immediately.

This procedure is generally considered cosmetic. There are specific cases however, where treatment is a medical necessity and can be covered by insurance.